which characteristic of totalitarianism is illustrated in this photo?

Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. Mussolini had previously been a socialist but was ostracized after announcing his support in favor of Italy joining World War I. Examples Of Totalitarianism In The Hunger Games | ipl.org authoritarianism - a form of government in which a hardline ruler allows some individual freedoms while demanding strict loyalty to the state. In the case of Germany, Adolf Hitler took power as a dictator through emergency laws in 1933, and his Nazi party took inspiration from Mussolini's fascist ideology to create their fascist government. While there is only one platform, participation in the political system, especially voting, is mandatory. Though ardently opposed to true democracy, which ensures the protection of natural rights and civil liberties, fascist regimes have occasionally come to power via democratic means. In 1964, Juan Jos Linz, Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Political Science at Yale University, described the four most recognizable characteristics of authoritarian states as: Modern dictatorships such as Venezuela under Hugo Chvez and Cuba under Fidel Castro typify authoritarian governments. Historical examples of such centralized totalitarian rule include the Mauryan dynasty of India (c. 321c. The term neo-fascist," for example, describes governments or individuals espousing radical, far-right political ideologies similar to those of the World War II fascist states. Totalitarian governments may however take other forms as in Communist countries. Thus, the correct answer is option C. Totalitarianism is a type of government and a political system that forbids all opposition parties, criminalizes individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and imposes an extreme, if not total, degree of control and regulation over public and private life. Totalitarianism is a system of government in which all aspects of society including culture, religion, economy, and the military are controlled by the state. Tip: Be sure to explain how Hitler and Stalin are portraying themselves in these photos, and how such presentations might influence people's views of them. State relinquishes control of armed forces to military leaders, State censors newspapers and other forms of media, Create your account to access this entire worksheet, A Premium account gives you access to all lesson, practice exams, quizzes & worksheets, Western Civilization II Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans. In Ancient China, the Qin Dynasty (221207 BCE) was ruled by the philosophy of Legalism, under which political activity was virtually prohibited, all literature was destroyed, and those who opposed or questioned Legalism were executed. Check all that apply. Our editors update and regularly refine this enormous body of information to bring you reliable information. What did Hitler use as an excuse to take power from President Hindenburg? Fascism is a much older political ideology than totalitarianism. This lesson covers the following objectives: 14 chapters | Totalitarian states typically pursue a special goal to the exclusion of all others, with all resources directed toward its attainment, regardless of the cost. True or False: the term totalitarian may apply to any form of government. Societal spheres like education, sports, health, and business are infiltrated by party loyalists through the establishment of closed unions. They also consider a totalitarian, one-party state as the key to preparing the nation for war and its resulting economic and social hardships. Create and find flashcards in record time. In other words, all fascist governments are totalitarian, but not all totalitarian governments are fascist. Definition and Examples, Biography of Benito Mussolini, Fascist Dictator of Italy, History of Government Involvement in the American Economy, Totalitarianism vs. Authoritarianism vs. Fascism, The presence of a single ruling political party, Strict censorship, if not total control of the press, Constant dissemination of pro-government propaganda, Mandatory service in the military for all citizens, Prohibition of certain religious or political groups and practices, Prohibition of any form of public criticism of the government, Laws enforced by secret police forces or the military, Limited political freedom with strict government controls imposed on political institutions and groups like legislatures, political parties, and interest groups, A controlling regime that justifies itself to the people as a necessary evil uniquely capable of coping with easily recognizable societal problems such as hunger, poverty, and violent insurgency, Strict government-imposed constraints on social freedoms such as suppression of political opponents and anti-regime activity, The presence of a ruling executive with vague, shifting, and loosely-defined powers. All nations have an official type of government as designated in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agencys World Factbook. To further its predatory militaristic goals, totalitarian regimes own and control all aspects of the economy, including capital and all means of production. 111 lessons. Longley, Robert. autocracy. The first characteristic of totalitarianism is its planned economy because an unregulated economy is a danger to totalitarian power, so every aspect of the state economy should be planned. In addition, constitutional democracy and totalitarianism, as forms of the modern state, share many characteristics. Drawing on those experiences, fascist rulers strive to create a rabidly nationalistic culture of military citizenship in which all citizens are willing and prepared to take on some military duties during times of war, including actual combat. Whatever might further the goal is supported; whatever might foil the goal is rejected. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Definition and Examples, What Is Civic Engagement? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. True or false:Hitler viewed Mussolini as an equal partner. which characteristic of totalitarianism is illustrated in this photo? All citizens are required to adopt and serve a single apocalyptical ideology dedicated to defeating a shadowy and corrupt old order to be replaced by a new, racially pure, utopian society. Hitler came to power in 1933 after being elected by the German people. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The totalitarian state pursues some special goal, such as industrialization or conquest, to the exclusion of all others. Between 1933 and 1945, dictator Adolf Hitler transformed Germany into a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the governmentthe Third Reich. Much of the territories across the Adriatic Sea that Italy expected to take from Austro-Hungary after the war were given to the newly created kingdom known as Yugoslavia. The leader stays the same. 185 bce), the Qin dynasty of China (221207 bce), and the reign of Zulu chief Shaka (c. 181628). You might ask: what is the difference between totalitarianism and fascism? The Origins of Totalitarianism study guide contains a biography of Hannah Arendt, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. The ruling party controls all aspects and functions of government, including the use of a secret police force to brutally suppress dissent. Totalitarianism is a government that may be ascribed to many different regimes. "Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, and Fascism." Totalitarianism: Definition, Characteristics & Examples As such, fascist regimes ruthlessly suppress all true democratic political forces in society. Omissions? Old religious and social ties are supplanted by artificial ties to the state and its ideology. Examples of authoritarian regimes, according to some scholars, include the pro-Western military dictatorships that existed in Latin America and elsewhere in the second half of the 20th century. Did you find this explanation helpful? After the death of President Hindenburg, what did Hitler name himself? Key Traits of Totalitarianism - Folsom Cordova Unified School District In the 21st century, no openly-fascist governments exist, though political parties in many countries do exist with fascist nationalist influences. This quiz and corresponding worksheet gauge your understanding of the characteristics of totalitarianism. Now that we've discussed the definitions let's look at two totalitarian governments. used to control the hearts and minds of the citizens. Definition and Examples, What Is Theocracy? 185 BCE), the Qin dynasty of China (221207 BCE), and the reign of Zulu chief Shaka (c. 181628). Definition and Examples, What Is Communism? Rarely employed since the end of World War II in 1945, fascism is a form of government combining the most extreme aspects of both totalitarianism and authoritarianism. The end of World War II led to the downfall of fascism in Europe, with only Spain continuing to have a pseudo-fascist government for several more decades. Regardless of the economic or social cost, all resources are devoted to achieving the special goal. Let's contrast these complex definitions before moving on: Totalitarianism: A system of government in which all aspects of society, including culture, religion, economy, and the military, are controlled by the state and the state alone. Totalitarianism vs. Authoritarianism vs. Fascism, "China Enshrines 'Xi Jinping Thought,' Elevating Leader to Mao-Like Status.". "What Is Totalitarianism? Which statement best describes the Supreme Courts decision in this excerpt? Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The party leadership maintains monopoly control over the governmental system, which includes the police, military, communications, and economic and education systems. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Germany could only be allied with France, Britain, or America, What was the goal of the Beer Hall Putsch. Quiz, Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels: The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels: The Communist Manifesto Totalitarianism is a form of political organization in which the state controls every aspect of people's lives: from the political views they hold, to the people they can vote for, to even the way they dress, or the art they like. For this quiz, you'll need to know the definition of a totalitarian government and what a totalitarian government has control of. 3 - Romanian fascist dictator Ion Antonescu (left) with Nazi foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop (right), in Munich June 1941. Propaganda is widely used to support the governments totalitarian ideology of Juche, the belief that true socialism can be achieved only through universal loyalty to a strong and independent state. Updates? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Similarly, Stalin provided a constitution for the Soviet Union in 1936 but never permitted it to become the framework of Soviet law. However, they do so with the intent of seizing all executive powers whether constitutionally approved or not. Still, most Western civilizations and governments quickly rejected the concept of totalitarianism and continue to do so today. The end of World War II in Europe saw the defeat of fascist Italy and Nazi Germany and the deaths of both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. Because pursuit of the goal is the foundation for the totalitarian state, achievement of the goal can never be acknowledged. Moseley considered himself a European and took many economic ideas from economist Milton Keynes. Following the murder of his political opponent Giacomo Matteotti, Mussolini was placed in a difficult position between trying not to alienate his remaining allies in the government and listening to his fascist subordinates, who encouraged him to be more even violent toward the opposition. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Hoping to replace Winston Churchill (though his wife, Diana Moseley, nee Mitford, was a cousin of Churchill's and one of the famous Mitford sisters), Moseley ended up at Holloway prison in London, considered, along with his wife, a potential traitor, and enemy of the state. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. In Nazi Germany and Stalins Soviet Union, whole classes of people, such as the Jews and the kulaks (wealthy peasant farmers) respectively, were singled out for persecution and extinction. Which of the following describes how Mussolini's beliefs shifted as he aged? That support was not spontaneous: its genesis depended on a charismatic leader, and it was made possible only by modern developments in communication and transportation. The economic conditions following World War l were dire. An error occurred trying to load this video. The remaining fascist governments of the Iberian peninsula gradually reformed and were gone by the end of the 1970s. Quiz, The French Revolution of 1848: History, Causes & Events It is often characterized by highly restrictive laws that affect many aspects of the lives of the citizens of the state. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. What is the major difference between totalitarianism and fascism. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Stalin came to power following the death of Vladimir Lenin. Total obedience to authority is required and enforced through physical intimidation and the threat of imprisonment. Fascism vs. Totalitarianism | Overviews, Differences & Examples, Orestes of Alexandria: Mythology, Overview, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. What was a pretend race of people who were the original Germans with blond hair and blue eyes? totalitarianism, form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the authority of the state. Except for Spain and Portugal, fascism was effectively gone from Europe with the end of World War II. 1137 Words5 Pages. In the broadest sense, totalitarianism is characterized by strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. Reparations caused the Mark to lose value. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Fascism is a political ideology and totalitarianism is a style of governing. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. Political System Concept & Types | What is a Political System? What is the myth called that states that Jewish people caused Germany to lose the war? Since so much of totalitarianism is based on the personalities of the leaders, what can you infer about Hitler and Stalin by examining these photos? Sovereignty Concept & Kinds | What is Sovereignty? In the aftermath of World War I, Italy entered a period of political instability.
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